Menopause

Q: What is menopause?

A: Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years. It typically occurs in women in their late 40s or early 50s, although the exact timing can vary. Menopause is defined as the cessation of menstrual periods for at least 12 consecutive months.

During menopause, a woman’s body undergoes hormonal changes, particularly a decline in the production of oestrogen and progesterone by the ovaries. This hormonal shift can lead to various physical and emotional symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness, and changes in libido.

The transition leading up to menopause is called perimenopause, during which women may experience irregular menstrual cycles and a range of symptoms as their hormones fluctuate. Postmenopause refers to the period of time after menopause has been confirmed.

Q: What are possible treatments of menopause?

A: The treatment of menopause involves managing the symptoms and addressing potential health risks associated with the hormonal changes that occur during this natural stage in a woman’s life.

Here are common approaches to managing menopausal symptoms:

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

• Oestrogen and sometimes progesterone are used to replace hormones that the ovaries no longer produce in sufficient amounts.
• HRT can effectively alleviate hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. However, it is not suitable for everyone, and its risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated with a healthcare provider.

Non-Hormonal Medications

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are sometimes prescribed to manage hot flashes.
• Gabapentin, originally used to treat seizures and nerve pain, has also been found to help with hot flashes.

Lifestyle Modifications

• Regular exercise can help manage weight, improve mood, and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
• A balanced diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D is essential for bone health.
• Smoking cessation and limiting alcohol intake can contribute to overall health.

Natural Remedies

• Some women find relief from menopausal symptoms through herbal supplements like black cohosh and soy isoflavones. However, the effectiveness of these supplements is still a subject of ongoing research.

Counselling and Support

• Menopause can bring about emotional and psychological changes. Counselling or support groups can help women cope with these changes and provide strategies for managing stress.

It’s crucial for women to consult with their healthcare providers to determine the most suitable treatment based on individual health history, symptoms, and preferences. Regular check-ups are important to monitor any potential health risks associated with ageing and hormonal changes.