Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Q: What is a STI?

A: STI stands for Sexually Transmitted Infection. These are infections that are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites, and are primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Some common examples of STIs include:

Chlamydia — one of the most common STIs in the UK occurs in both men and women and in all age groups.  Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, it can infect the genital tract.  Many people don’t have symptoms, such as genital pain or discharge. 

Gonorrhoea — caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, it can infect the genital tract, rectum, and throat.

Syphilis — caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, it can progress through stages and affect various organs.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) — a virus that attacks the immune system, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) — a group of viruses that can infect the genital area, leading to genital warts and an increased risk of certain cancers.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) — causes genital herpes, characterized by painful sores in the genital and anal areas.

Hepatitis B and C — viruses that can cause inflammation of the liver and are transmitted through sexual contact, among other means.

Trichomoniasis — caused by a parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, it can infect the urinary tract and genital area.

It’s important to get regular sexual health check-ups, and to communicate openly with sexual partners to prevent the transmission of STIs. Using condoms consistently and correctly can significantly reduce the risk of many STIs. If you suspect you have an STI or have concerns about your sexual health, it’s advisable to seek medical advice promptly.

Q: What is the treatment of STIs?

A: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that are transmitted through sexual activity. The treatment for STIs depends on the specific infection. It’s crucial to consult with your doctor for proper diagnosis and guidance. Here are some common STIs and their treatment options:

Bacterial infections — chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and early-stage syphilis are usually treated with a single-dose of antibiotics. Late-stage syphilis may however require more extended courses of antibiotics.

Viral infections — for herpes (HSV), antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks, but there is no cure. For human papillomavirus (HPV), there is no cure but vaccines are available to prevent certain types of the virus that can cause cervical cancer and genital warts. Genital warts can be treated with topical medications, removal procedures, or other interventions.

Parasitic infections — trichomoniasis is usually treated with an antibiotic.

It’s important to note that some STIs may not have a cure, and treatment may focus on managing symptoms and preventing complications.  Regular testing, practicing safe sex, and communicating openly with sexual partners are essential in preventing and managing STIs.